Group morphisms

Group morphisms are used in RepLAB to relate groups to one another. For example, there is always a (trivial) injection map that embeds a subgroup into the group that contains it.

A morphism is simply a function between groups that preserve the multiplicative structure (\(f(x y) = f(x) f(y)\)). An isomorphism is an invertible (or bijective) morphism.

Isomorphisms are used in RepLAB to compute with finite groups, by translating the operations into an isomorphic permutation group.

Isomorphisms are also used when the user asks RepLAB to recognize a finite group (FiniteGroup.recognize). RepLAB then returns the isomorphism from the abstract group to the user-defined group. Thus, the generators of the “platonic” abstract group can be identified as elements of the user-defined group.

Morphisms are used to describe how symmetry groups relate to one another in the convex optimization framework (see equiop).

  • Morphism is the most general class and a base for all the classes below.

  • FiniteMorphism is a morphism between finite groups; in particular, it allows the computation of preimages.

  • Isomorphism is a bijective morphism.

  • FiniteIsomorphism is a bijective finite morphism.

Morphism

class replab.Morphism

Bases: replab.Obj

Describes a morphism between groups

If both groups are compact groups with a replab.CompactGroup.reconstruction available, the torusMap linear map expresses the relationship between elements of the maximal torus of the source and the target. More specifically, let s be an element of the torus .source.reconstruction.source, there is a corresponding element t of the torus .target.reconstruction.source such that t = s * torusMap.

Own members

source

Source group

Type

Group

target

Target group

Type

Group

torusMap

Relation between the tori of source and target if known

Type

integer(*,*) or []

andThen(self, applyLast)

Composition of morphisms, the right hand side applied last

Parameters

applyLast (Morphism) – Morphism to apply last

Returns

The composition of this morphism applied first, followed by the given morphism

Return type

Morphism

compose(self, applyFirst)

Composition of morphisms, the right hand side applied first

Note: if both morphisms are finite morphisms, the resulting morphism is also a finite morphism. Note: if both morphisms are isomorphisms, the resulting morphism is also an isomorphism.

Parameters

applyFirst (Morphism) – Morphism to apply first

Returns

The composition of the given morphism applied first, followed by this morphism.

Return type

Morphism

imageElement(self, s)

Returns the image of the given source element

Parameters

s (element of source) – Element to compute the image of

Returns

Image

Return type

element of target

imageTorusElement(self, s)

Returns the image of an element of the source torus (used in optimizations)

Parameters

s (element of source.reconstruction.source) – Torus element of source

Returns

Torus element of target

Return type

element of target.reconstruction.source)

static lambda(source, target, imageElementFun, torusMap)

Creates a morphism from an image function

Parameters
  • source (Group) – Source group

  • target (Group) – Target group

  • imageElementFun (function_handle) – Function computing images of elements

  • torusMap (integer(*,*)) – Torus map to use in the morphism construction

Returns

Constructed morphism

Return type

replab.Morphism

mtimes(self, applyFirst)

Shorthand for compose

Isomorphism

class replab.Isomorphism

Bases: replab.Morphism

Describes an isomorphism between groups

Own members

static identity(group)

Returns the identity morphism from a group to itself

Parameters

group (Group) – Group

Returns

The identity automorphism on the given group

Return type

Isomorphism

static lambda(source, target, preimageElementFun, imageElementFun, torusMap)

Creates a morphism from an image function

Parameters
  • source (Group) – Source group

  • target (Group) – Target group

  • preimageElementFun (function_handle) – Function computing preimages of elements

  • imageElementFun (function_handle) – Function computing images of elements

  • torusMap (integer(*,*)) – Torus map to use in the morphism construction

Returns

Constructed isomorphism

Return type

replab.Isomorphism

preimageElement(t)

Returns an the preimage of an element of the range

Returns the s such that self.imageElement(s) == t .

If the argument is not in the range of this isomorphism, the behavior is undefined.

Parameters

t (element of target) – Element to compute the preimage of

Returns

Preimage

Return type

element of source

FiniteMorphism

class replab.FiniteMorphism

Bases: replab.Morphism

Describes a morphism between finite groups

Own members

image(self)

Returns the image of this morphism

Returns

Subgroup of target generated by the image of source

Return type

FiniteGroup

imageGroup(self, S)

Computes the image of a group

Parameters

S (FiniteGroup) – Group to compute the image of, subgroup of source

Returns

Subgroup of target

Return type

FiniteGroup

kernel(self)

Returns the kernel of this morphism

Returns

Maximal subgroup of source with trivial image

Return type

replab.FiniteGroup

preimageGroup(self, T)

Returns the group of source elements that map to a given group of target elements

Parameters

T (FiniteGroup) – Subgroup of target

Returns

Subgroup of source

Return type

FiniteGroup

preimageRepresentative(self, t)

Returns an arbitrary preimage of the given element

Returns an s such that self.imageElement(s) == t .

If the argument is not in the range of this morphism, the behavior is undefined.

Parameters

t (element of target) – Element to compute the preimage of

Returns

Preimage representative

Return type

element of source

preimagesElement(self, t)

Returns the set of all source elements that map to a given element

If the argument is not in the range of this morphism, the behavior is undefined.

Parameters

t (element of target) – Element to compute the preimages of

Returns

Set of source elements

Return type

FiniteSet

restrictedSource(self, newSource)

Returns a finite morphism with its source restricted

Note that the return type may be more precise.

Parameters

newSource (FiniteGroup) – Subgroup of source

Returns

The restricted morphism

Return type

FiniteMorphism

toIsomorphism(self)

If this morphism is injective, returns an isomorphism such that the target is restricted to the image

Returns

The isomorphism

Return type

FiniteIsomorphism

FiniteIsomorphism

class replab.FiniteIsomorphism

Bases: replab.Isomorphism, replab.FiniteMorphism

Describes an isomorphism between finite groups

Own members

static identity(group)

Returns the identity morphism from a finite group to itself

Parameters

group (FiniteGroup) – Group

Returns

The identity automorphism on the given group

Return type

FiniteIsomorphism

preservesTypeOrder(self)

Returns whether, for sure, this isomorphism preserves element ordering

  • When this method returns true, we must have, for x and y in source, self.source.type.compare(x, y) == self.target.type.compare(self.imageElement(x), self.imageElement(y))

  • When this method returns false, it does not necessarily means that there exists a pair (x, y) that violates the condition above. It simply means the order preservation is not known.

Returns

Whether, for sure, this isomorphism preserves element ordering

Return type

logical